云南武定县朱家坝尾矿库渗漏原因浅析     

周南  李卿  喻涌麒 《云南地质》2020,(1):118-124

位于云南省楚雄州武定县朱家坝新建尾矿库,在使用过程中,该尾矿库下游一泉水点出现尾矿粉渗漏污染,通过地质勘查,发现该尾矿库下伏昆阳群绿汁江组(Pt2lz)的白云岩基底,存在一隐伏断层,渗漏污染原因与该断层及其形成的岩溶裂隙有直接的关系。  相似文献   

Intra-continental deformation and tectonic evolution of the West Junggar Orogenic Belt,Central Asia:Evidence from remote sensing and structural geological analyses     

Wei-Cui Ding  Ting-Dong Li  Xuan-Hua Chen  Jian-Ping Chen  Sheng-Lin Xu  Yi-Ping Zhang  Bing Li  Qiang Yang 《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,(2):651-663

The West Junggar Orogenic Belt(WJOB)in northwestern Xinjiang,China,is located in the core of the western part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB).It has suffered two stage tectonic evolutions in Phanerozoic,before and after the ocean–continental conversion in Late Paleozoic.The later on intracontinental deformation,characterized by the development of the NE-trending West Junggar sinistral strike-slip fault system(WJFS)since Late Carboniferous and Early Permian,and the NW-trending Chingiz-Junggar dextral strike-slip fault(CJF)in Mesozoic and Cenozoic,has an important significance for the tectonic evolution of the WJOB and the CAOB.In this paper,we conduct geometric and kinematic analyses of the WJOB,based on field geological survey and structural interpretation of remote sensing image data.Using some piercing points such as truncated plutons and anticlines,an average magnitude of^73 km for the left-lateral strike-slip is calculated for the Darabut Fault,a major fault of the WJFS.Some partial of the displacement should be accommodated by strike-slip fault-related folds developed during the strike-slip faulting.Circular and curved faults,asymmetrical folds,and irregular contribution of ultramafic bodies,implies potential opposite vertical rotation of the Miao’ergou and the Akebasitao batholiths,resulted from the sinistral strike-slipping along the Darabut Fault.Due to conjugate shearing set of the sinistral WJFS and the dextral CJF since Early Mesozoic,superimposed folds formed with N–S convergence in southwestern part of the WJOB.  相似文献   

Global method for stability analysis of anchored slopes     

Tan Zhang  Hong Zheng  Cong Sun 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2019,43(1):124-137

Based on the global method, an approach is proposed to consider the effect of anchor reinforcement on slope stability, where equilibrium conditions are formulated in terms of the whole slip body. Anchor pre-tension is assumed to be undertaken by the whole slip body instead of individual slices, causing internal force within slope more realistic. Meanwhile, the optimization model for locating the critical slip surface is of weak nonlinearity and easy to solve using the conventional optimization procedures. The effects of anchoring orientation and position are thoroughly investigated, and interesting results are obtained.  相似文献   

Fully coupled elastoplastic hydro-mechanical analysis of unsaturated porous media using a meshfree method     

Omid Ghaffaripour  Golnaz A. Esgandani  Arman Khoshghalb  Babak Shahbodaghkhan 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2019,43(11):1919-1955

This paper presents the first application of an advanced meshfree method, ie, the edge-based smoothed point interpolation method (ESPIM), in simulation of the coupled hydro-mechanical behaviour of unsaturated porous media. In the proposed technique, the problem domain is spatially discretised using a triangular background mesh, and the polynomial point interpolation method combined with a simple node selection scheme is adopted for creating nodal shape functions. Smoothing domains are formed on top of the background mesh, and a constant smoothed strain, created by applying the smoothing operation over the smoothing domains, is assigned to each smoothing domain. The deformation and flow models are developed based on the equilibrium equation of the mixture, and linear momentum and mass balance equations of the fluid phases, respectively. The effective stress approach is followed to account for the coupling between the flow and deformation models. Further coupling among the phases is captured through a hysteretic soil water retention model that evolves with changes in void ratio. An advanced elastoplastic constitutive model within the context of the bounding surface plasticity theory is employed for predicting the nonlinear behaviour of soil skeleton. Time discretisation is performed by adopting a three-point discretisation method with growing time steps to avoid temporal instabilities. A modified Newton-Raphson framework is designed for dealing with nonlinearities of the discretised system of equations. The performance of the numerical model is examined through a number of numerical examples. The state-of-the-art computational scheme developed is useful for simulation of geotechnical engineering problems involving unsaturated soils.  相似文献   

A novel coupled FDM-DEM modelling method for flexible membrane boundary in laboratory tests     

Hua-Xiang Zhu  Zhen-Yu Yin  Qiang Zhang 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(3):389-404

Difficulties are involved in discrete element method (DEM) modelling of the flexible boundary, that is, the membranes covering the soil sample, which can be commonly found in contemporary laboratory soil tests. In this paper, a novel method is proposed wherein the finite difference method (FDM) and DEM are coupled to simulate the rubber membrane and soil body, respectively. Numerical plane strain and triaxial tests, served by the flexible membrane, are implemented and analysed later. The effect of the membrane modulus on the measurement accuracy is considered, with analytical formulae derived to judge the significance of this effect. Based on an analysis of stress-strain responses and the grain rotation field, the mechanical performances produced by the flexible and rigid lateral boundaries are compared for the plane strain test. The results show that (1) the effect of the membrane on the test result becomes more significant at larger strain level because the membrane applies additional lateral confining pressure to the soil body; (2) the tested models reproduce typical stress and volumetric paths for specimens with shear bands; (3) for the plane strain test, the rigid lateral boundary derives a much higher peak strength and larger bulk dilatation, but a similar residual strength, compared with the flexible boundary. The latter produces a more uniform (or ‘diffuse') rotation field and more mobilised local kinematics than does the former. All simulations show that the proposed FDM-DEM coupling method is able to simulate laboratory tests with a flexible boundary membrane.  相似文献   

Gravity and magnetic field characteristics and regional ore prospecting of the Yili ancient continent,West Tianshan,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China     

《China Geology》2020,3(1):104-112

Gold, iron, copper, lead-zinc and other mineral exploration in West Tianshan, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, has made remarkable progress in recent years. However, due to the dispute on the tectonic division of West Tianshan, the ore-controlling factors and the regional metallogenic laws are controversial. The authors analyze regional gravity data and notice that the high-value region corresponds to the Yili ancient continent, thus the southeastern boundary of the Yili ancient continent is delineated. Comparative analysis of gravity, aeromagnetic and geologic data reveals that the Tulasu basin, where some medium to large epithermal gold deposits locate, lies above the Yili ancient continent; the Yili Carboniferous-Permian rift extends in E-W direction, numbers of copper deposits have been found in the mid-west section of the rift which lies above the Yili ancient continent, whereas few copper deposits have been discovered in the east section which is outside the Yili ancient continent. Accordingly, the Yili ancient continent may he rich in gold, copper and other metal elements; the metal-bearing hydrothermal solution moves up with the activity of magmatism, and deposits in the favorable places (the Tulasu basin and the Yili Carboniferous-Permian rift), forming numerous small and medium gold, copper deposits, as well as some large and super-large gold deposits. Therefore, the tectonic-magmatic hydrothermal zone above the Yili ancient continent should be the prospective area for epithermal gold and copper polymetallic deposits.  相似文献   

基于时间序列遥感数据的嵯岗国家沙化土地封禁保护成效评估     

田海静  孙涛  刘旭升  孔祥吉 《中国沙漠》2019,39(3):155-162

2013年中国启动实施了内蒙古自治区新巴尔虎左旗嵯岗国家沙化土地封禁保护区试点。本研究利用2001—2017年生长季NDVI数据分析了嵯岗封禁保护区及周边区域植被长势时空演变特征，分析了多年的生长季降水量和历年旱情，之后利用植被降水利用效率和NDVI残差趋势分析对保护成效进行了评估。结果表明：（1）封禁项目实施之前，封禁区内外植被长势变化趋势基本一致，而在项目实施后的2016、2017年，封禁区内NDVI距平明显高于封禁区外；（2）降水为影响该区域植被长势的主导气候因素，在封禁实施后的2015—2017年该区域连续3 a干旱，极大地限制了区域植被生长；（3）封禁区内植被降水利用效率和NDVI残差均呈现明显的增加趋势，而封禁区外变化不明显，说明封禁提升了植被的自我修复能力；（4）嵯岗封禁保护区由3个地块组成，其中嵯岗林场封禁效果比牧场八队和牧场十一队明显。国家沙化土地封禁保护措施有效促进了植被自我修复，提高了沙漠生态系统应对气候变化的能力。  相似文献   

VIIRS/DNB夜间灯光月度产品插补方法对比——以北京为例     

陈慕琳  蔡红艳 《地理科学进展》2019,38(1):126-138

新一代VIIRS/DNB(Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite Day/Night Band)夜间灯光数据因其具备更精细的时空分辨率、数据不存在饱和现象、不同年份数据可比性强等优点而迅速代替DMSP/OLS(Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's Operational Linescan System)夜间灯光数据成为新的研究热点。但由于杂散光的污染,VIIRS/DNB夏季数据数值缺失严重,致使数据在空间和时间上不连续,因此,插补缺失数据成为后续应用的前提。鉴于此,论文从插补结果异常值、与参照值对比、计算性能三个方面,系统比较了三次样条插值(样条)、三次Hermite插值(Hermite)、灰色预测模型(GM)、三次指数平滑法(指数)4种插补方法的适用性,以期为插补VIIRS/DNB夜间灯光数据提供方法选择的依据。研究结果表明：①异常值比较方面,Hermite法未出现异常值,另外3种算法仅出现少量异常值(0.02%~1.34%);②与参照值的对比方面,Hermite法与参考值接近程度最高,GM接近程度最低,样条法和指数法介于两者中间;③算法性能比较方面,4种方法都具备计算简单、容易编程的特点,但指数法的算法时长是另外3种方法的10倍以上。因此,综合多方表现,当插补月份前后两侧均有足够长的原始数据时,插补效果好、计算速度快、不会出现过冲现象的Hermite法最适宜,样条法次之;当插补月份仅单侧有足够长的数据时,适宜采用指数法(插补效果好、计算速度较慢)或GM(插补效果偏低、计算速度快)进行插补。  相似文献   

冰冻圈服务综合区划理论与方法     

林浩曦  黄金川  效存德  漆潇潇  陈云谦 《地理学报》2020,75(3):631-646

冰冻圈是全球气候系统的主要圈层之一,既具有不可替代的气候效应,又维系着寒旱地区社会经济和自然生态系统良好运行,而中国是中低纬度地区冰川、积雪、冻土发育程度最高的国家。长期以来,针对冰冻圈“致害性”的研究众多,而聚焦冰冻圈服务的“致利性”研究则相对滞后,在此背景下着眼于人类福祉的冰冻圈服务识别与综合区划研究成为冰冻圈科学、人地系统可持续发展等的关键科学问题之一,也是目前迫切需要开展的研究方向。首先,确定以地域分异规律理论、人地关系地域系统理论、集合论和信息编码论等跨学科理论为研究基础;尔后,构建面向综合区划研究的冰冻圈服务分类体系,先以供需均衡模型为核心进行单项服务重要性空间识别,再以服务最大化模型为指导,通过区位熵算法判定冰冻圈主导服务的空间分布;最后,以三维魔方展开法为核心制定冰冻圈服务综合区划方案,将研究区划分多重空间层级、彼此独立完整、相互联系密切的冰冻圈服务单元。综上,形成综合自然供给和人文需求因素且适应地区特色的冰冻圈服务空间识别与综合区划技术体系和方法流程,为冰冻圈服务供给与社会经济发展需要架起一座桥梁,是满足国家重大战略需求和合理利用冰冻圈服务的必由之路。  相似文献   

Inter-comparison of remote sensing platforms for height estimation of mango and avocado tree crowns     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

To support the adoption of precision agricultural practices in horticultural tree crops, prior research has investigated the relationship between crop vigour (height, canopy density, health) as measured by remote sensing technologies, to fruit quality, yield and pruning requirements. However, few studies have compared the accuracy of different remote sensing technologies for the estimation of tree height. In this study, we evaluated the accuracy, flexibility, aerial coverage and limitations of five techniques to measure the height of two types of horticultural tree crops, mango and avocado trees. Canopy height estimates from Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) were used as a reference dataset against height estimates from Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) data, WorldView-3 (WV-3) stereo imagery, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) based RGB and multi-spectral imagery, and field measurements. Overall, imagery obtained from the UAV platform were found to provide tree height measurement comparable to that from the TLS (R² = 0.89, RMSE = 0.19 m and rRMSE = 5.37 % for mango trees; R² = 0.81, RMSE = 0.42 m and rRMSE = 4.75 % for avocado trees), although coverage area is limited to 1–10 km² due to battery life and line-of-sight flight regulations. The ALS data also achieved reasonable accuracy for both mango and avocado trees (R² = 0.67, RMSE = 0.24 m and rRMSE = 7.39 % for mango trees; R² = 0.63, RMSE = 0.43 m and rRMSE = 5.04 % for avocado trees), providing both optimal point density and flight altitude, and therefore offers an effective platform for large areas (10 km²–100 km²). However, cost and availability of ALS data is a consideration. WV-3 stereo imagery produced the lowest accuracies for both tree crops (R² = 0.50, RMSE = 0.84 m and rRMSE = 32.64 % for mango trees; R² = 0.45, RMSE = 0.74 m and rRMSE = 8.51 % for avocado trees) when compared to other remote sensing platforms, but may still present a viable option due to cost and commercial availability when large area coverage is required. This research provides industries and growers with valuable information on how to select the most appropriate approach and the optimal parameters for each remote sensing platform to assess canopy height for mango and avocado trees.  相似文献